Welcome

Hello masters students. Thank you for being so semangat in starting your discussion early. I will post some SAQs and maybe MCQs for our discussion here. Hopefully weekly -- so that we can discuss either online or in a group during our discussions on Tuesday/Friday.

Here is the list of topics according the HKL CME - got it from Tharani. Dr Johnny from Likas will cover Respi -- and maybe CVS and CNS according to his availability I guess.

Cardiovascular physiology 1
Electrical activity and ECG
Cardiac Output / Venous Return
Starling’s Law / Pressure Volume Loop

Cardiovascular physiology 2
Regional Circulation/Autoregulation
Microcirculation / Shock

Cardiovascular physiology 3
Regulation of BP/Compensatory mech. in blood loss.
Blood volume/measurement of blood volume
Valsalva manoeuvre

Pharmacokinetics 1
Time constant/Half life/exponential functions
Uptake, distribution & transport of drugs
PK and ionisation & clinical applications

Pharmacokinetics 2
Drug elimination,detoxification & metabolism of drugs
Enzyme induction & inhibition

Pharmacodynamics 1

Pharamcodynamcis 2
Adverse drug reaction & interactions
Pharmacogenetics

Intravenous Induction Agents

Respiratory Physiology 1
Anatomy- Structure and function
Lung Volumes/Control of respiration/Lung function test

Respiratory Physiology 2
Respiratory mechanics
Work of breathing
Compliance

Respiratory physiology 3
Dead space/Shunt / V/Q Mismatch

Respiratory physiology 4
Oxygen cascade/Gas transport/O2 flux

Inhalational Agents

Muscle physiology & NMJ
Muscle contraction,tone,spindle reflexes
Control of posture & movement
Neuromuscular transmission

Muscle Relaxants
SAR,Classifications
Dantrolene Na(MH)
Cholinesterase variants

Acetycholine – SAR
Cholinergic & anti-cholinergic compounds, Anticholinesterase
Organophosphate poisoning

Local anaesthetics
Classification,SAR,Usage
Effects & treatment of overdosage

Opioids & sedatives
Classifications, SAR, common uses
Defination of sedation, narcosis, addiction& habituation

Non Opioids: PCM & NSAIDS & GABApentin
Cox I & Cox II inhibitors

Renal Physiology 1
Renal circulation & control
Glomerular function & tubular function
Control of urine volume

Renal Physiology 2
Renal function tests
Renal hormones,control of blood volume
Renal influence on acid-base control

Diuretics
Site of actions & clinical usage
Drug interactions

Antiarrhythmics

Body fluids & electrolytes
Distribution & measurement
Na-K-ATPase/diffusion/osmosis
Osmotic/oncotic pressures

Acid base physiology
Buffer systems/compensation
acid base balance

Autonomic nervous system
Sympathomimetics – SAR
Antagonist + blockers
Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Inotropes

Antihypertensive & vasodilators
Centrol acting,ganglion blockers
Drugs affecting sympathetic nerve Storage,synthesis & release of catecholamine
Hypotensive agents:SNP,GTN,Beta blockers

Receptor physiology

CNS physiology
CSF formation,CBF/CPP/ICP,
Hypothalamus & thalamus

Benzodiazepines/Anticonvulsants

Pain physiology
Sensory perception/pathway
Acute/chronic pain

Maternal physiology
Changes in pregnancy & parturition: circulation & respiratory system
Drugs acting on the uterus
Foetal physiology
Gaseous exchange(Double Bohr/haldane effects)

Paediatrics(neonatal) and Geriatric physiology
Resp changes & circulatory changes
Temp control & effects of asphyxia

Coagulation/anticoagulant/antiplatelet
Heparin
Low molecular heparin
Fibrinolytic & anti-fribrinolytic agents

Neuromuscular monitoring
TOF,TOFC,PTC,DBS

Clinical Measurement 1
Pulse oximetry
Cardiac output study

Clinical Measurement 2
Measurement of gas flow & volumes
Gas and vapour analysis

Clinical Measurement 3
Measurement of pressure (Inv. / NIBP)
Principles of ultrasonography and ECHO
Transducers / Damping

Clinical Measurement 4
pH / O₂ / CO₂ electrodes
Temperature & humidity measurement

Intravenous fluid therapy & transfusion physiology
Plasma constituents, blood elements
Blood grouping & X-match

Physiology of swallowing and vomiting]
GI motility – factors affecting & control
Component of GI tract fluids

Pharmacology of GI drugs Anti emetics, proton pump inhibitors, anti histamines

Endocrine physiology 1
Thyroid/pitituary-adrenal axis

Endocrine physiology 2
Pancreatic function

Immunology